degenerate characteristics of dracula :: essays research papers

Degenerate Characters of Dracula In the novel, Dracula, Bram Stoker puts together a variety of characters with several characteristics that are unique and somewhat alike in many ways. One way that some of the characters are similar is that they show signs of being a degenerate. A degenerate is a person who has sunk below a former or normal condition and lost normal or higher qualities. These people most likely have mentally and sometimes physically become deteriorated to the point where they no longer can think and function as a normal person would. Two characters in the novel that stand out as degenerates are Dracula and Renfield. Both are degenerates in their own ways and also have characteristics that are in some ways the same. They follow most of the traits that degenerates contain and portray it throughout the novel. The best way to imagine a degenerate person would be to think of people on death roe in prison. The ones that aren’t remorseful for what they did, and could care less about what others think. They do not know what is right from wrong, and even if one tried to explain it to them, they couldn’t figure it out. Degenerates have no common sense, let alone a functioning brain. They are most definitely missing a few screws in there heads. These two characters of Dracula and Renfield both have a lot of these traits that degenerates consist of. Dracula most definitely contains degenerate characteristics throughout the novel. He has a lack of compassion for people’s well being, and has signs of selfishness. Vampires fit under the degenerate theme very well. How he became a vampire we are not sure, although Van Helsing calls him King-Vampire, because of his consistency and power driven obsessions towards his cravings. His powers include a wide range of abilities in which some are beyond the powers of the other vampires or immortal people in the novel. Degenerates are predestined to crime and don’t know why it is wrong. Van Helsing wrote of Dracula by saying, "The Count is a criminal and of criminal type. Nordau and Lombroso would so classify him, and qua criminal he is of imperfectly formed mind" (Stoker chapter 28). With all his killings and bites he proceeds on people, Dracula fights the degenerate theme. Renfield as well has qualities and characteristics of degenerates throughout the novel. Renfield was taken under the care of Dr. degenerate characteristics of dracula :: essays research papers Degenerate Characters of Dracula In the novel, Dracula, Bram Stoker puts together a variety of characters with several characteristics that are unique and somewhat alike in many ways. One way that some of the characters are similar is that they show signs of being a degenerate. A degenerate is a person who has sunk below a former or normal condition and lost normal or higher qualities. These people most likely have mentally and sometimes physically become deteriorated to the point where they no longer can think and function as a normal person would. Two characters in the novel that stand out as degenerates are Dracula and Renfield. Both are degenerates in their own ways and also have characteristics that are in some ways the same. They follow most of the traits that degenerates contain and portray it throughout the novel. The best way to imagine a degenerate person would be to think of people on death roe in prison. The ones that aren’t remorseful for what they did, and could care less about what others think. They do not know what is right from wrong, and even if one tried to explain it to them, they couldn’t figure it out. Degenerates have no common sense, let alone a functioning brain. They are most definitely missing a few screws in there heads. These two characters of Dracula and Renfield both have a lot of these traits that degenerates consist of. Dracula most definitely contains degenerate characteristics throughout the novel. He has a lack of compassion for people’s well being, and has signs of selfishness. Vampires fit under the degenerate theme very well. How he became a vampire we are not sure, although Van Helsing calls him King-Vampire, because of his consistency and power driven obsessions towards his cravings. His powers include a wide range of abilities in which some are beyond the powers of the other vampires or immortal people in the novel. Degenerates are predestined to crime and don’t know why it is wrong. Van Helsing wrote of Dracula by saying, "The Count is a criminal and of criminal type. Nordau and Lombroso would so classify him, and qua criminal he is of imperfectly formed mind" (Stoker chapter 28). With all his killings and bites he proceeds on people, Dracula fights the degenerate theme. Renfield as well has qualities and characteristics of degenerates throughout the novel. Renfield was taken under the care of Dr.

A Comparison of Social Classes in America vs. 1984 :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Social Classes in America vs. 1984 If you have ever read the book 1984 by George Orwell, then an interesting topic may have crossed your mind. The way the classes of people break down can be quite similar, and very different at times. In the United States, we have classes like the lower class, the working class, and the middle class. In 1984, there were such classes as the Proles, the Outer Party, and the Inner Party. The way the classes are broken down in 1984 reminds me a little bit of my old history class. When I studied medieval times and the classes back then were broken down into the nobles, the bourgeois, and the serfs. It is really interesting to break down the separate classes and find their similar details and their different details. Obviously the differences are greater in number and some of them fairly extreme. But that is to be expected. In my opinion, the way Orwell wrote the book makes his world seem more like a dystopia than a utopia. The only community that I have seen that I would even consider calling a utopia is "Star Trek." I just can't see Oceania as being a perfect vision of happiness. Everyone is constantly being watched, people aren't allowed to have their own thoughts, their past history is entirely made up. I don't see how it could get much worse than that. Unless you are a member of the Inner Party. They can have their own thoughts and aren't watched all the time. The lowest class in Oceania, the Proles, can also have their own thoughts. But "Nobody cares what the proles say"(Orwell, p11). So their thoughts never really get heard or paid any attention to at least. The Inner Party basically runs things and they only do what they want. They have no reason to listen to the proles. To more clearly describe the classes in 1984, I will describe some of the characteristics of the three parties. Each member of the Outer Party had a telescreen in their home that monitored every move they made. The telescreen could not be turned off. They were forced to wear an expression of quiet optimism when facing the telescreeen (Sheppard). The party members had to wear blue overalls and were given a limited number of coupons to trade for clothes, food, and other things such as that.

A Separate Peace - Symbolism Essays -- essays research papers fc

In John Knowle’s A Separate Peace, symbols are used to develop and advance the themes of the novel. One theme is the lack of an awareness of the real world among the students who attend the Devon Academy. The war is a symbol of the "real world", from which the boys exclude themselves. It is as if the boys are in their own little world or bubble secluded from the outside world and everyone else. Along with their friends, Gene and Finny play games and joke about the war instead of taking it seriously and preparing for it. Finny organizes the Winter Carnival, invents the game of Blitz Ball, and encourages his friends to have a snowball fight. When Gene looks back on that day of the Winter Carnival, he says, "---it was this liberation we had torn from the gray encroachments of 1943, the escape we had concocted, this afternoon of momentary, illusory, special and separate peace" (Knowles, 832). As he watches the snowball fight, Gene thinks to himself, "There they all were now, the cream of the school, the lights and leaders of the senior class, with their high IQs and expensive shoes, as Brinker had said, pasting each other with snowballs"(843). Another of the principal themes in this novel is the theme of maturity. The two rivers that are part of the Devon School property symbolize how Gene and Finny grow up through the course of the novel. The Devon River is preferred by the students because it is above the dam and contains clean water. It is a symbol of childhood and innocence because it is safe and simple. It is preferred which shows how the boys choose to hold onto their youth instead of growing up. The Naguamsett is the disgustingly dirty river which symbolizes adulthood because of its complexity. The two rivers intermingle showing the boys’ changes from immature individuals to slightly older and wiser men. Sooner or later, Gene and Phineas, who at the beginning of the novel are extremely immature, have to face reality. Signs of their maturity appear when the boys have a serious conversation about Finny’s accident. Finny realizes that Gene did shake the tree limb purposely so that he would fall. However, he knows that this action was spontaneous, and that Gene never meant to cause him life-long grief. Finny sympathetically says to his best friend, "Something just seized you. It wasn’t anything you really felt against ... ...iendship between Gene and Phineas is amidst themes such as lack of reality, low maturity levels, and false appearances. Their relationship deteriorates and leads to death because they fail to learn these valuable life lessons. The purpose of Knowles’ novel is to exaggerate the life of two young boys to the extreme in order to reveal the unfortunate things that can occur in a relationship when these themes are not taken seriously. As stated in Magill’s Survey of American Literature, "It (A Separate Peace) can be viewed, for example, as a tale of Original Sin, with the Devon School as an Eden enclosing the great Tree of Knowledge through which humankind falls far from innocence but is redeemed by the suffering of a totally innocent one. It may also be approached as a reworking of the classic tale of the need to accept the potential evil within everyone and thus make peace with one’s self." BIBLIOGRAPHY "A Separate Peace." Magill’s Survey of American Literature, Vol. 3. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp., 1993. Beacham’s Guide to Literature for Young Adults, Vol. 3, pages 1186- 1192. Knowles, John. A Separate Peace. Prentice-Hall Literature, Platinum, 1996 ed.

Why Do Students Cheat?

Professor Anderman’s research shows that eighty-five percent of students have cheated in high school; this drastic number exists due to the fact that students want to attend excellent colleges. The competitive high school environment has constant pressure to succeed; therefore, thus, many students depend on cheating in order to receive the grades that he or she desires. Because cheating has become an ordinary resolution for many students, more and more students do so every day, mimicking the action of their peers.Unfortunately, the eighty-five percent of students who cheat would prefer a higher score than the chance to grow as a learner. All of the cheating boils down to one simple concept: college acceptances. To begin, students cheat in order to get accepted to the college of their choice. As Kolker explains, students believe that, â€Å"College, more than ever, determines success. † As a high school student in 2013, one will constantly hear other students saying, â⠂¬Å"I need to get into a top college, my whole future depends on it! † and â€Å"Oh man, I didn’t do well on that test, now I am not going to get into college.†In this day and age, teenagers have a mind-set that they only attend high school in order to be accepted into a prestigious college, rather than learning and developing as a student. These students only think about what they must do in order for top colleges to choose them; thus, if cheating is the answer, they will cheat to receive the better grade. Anderman’s research discovered that, â€Å"The most impulsive cheaters cheated less often when they believed the point of the test was to help them master the material, not just get a score.†This concept is seen in an AP Calculus class of high school juniors and seniors. The teacher has a policy that quizzes are not factored into the student’s grade; however, tests are a very important factor for the student’s grade. The quizzes are designed to help the students learn, while the tests are designed to test the student’s abilities by receiving a score. In this situation, when there is an upcoming quiz, many students are very lackadaisical and rarely study for the assessment.Conversely, on a test day, the calculus students run around frantically trying to receive questions and answers from students who have already taken the same test, a prime example of cheating. Thus, this proves that students cheat in order to receive a high grade, as they don’t cheat for a quiz that does not determine their final grade. The next criminal in this cheating era is the SAT. Eshagoff, a student who participated in the Long Island SAT scandal, stated, â€Å"By giving him an amazing score, I totally give him †¦Ã‚  a new lease on life,† proving that students view the SAT as determining their future.Evidentially, something in this system is corrupt when one test is what determines whether or not a boy receive s a â€Å"new lease on life. † It is this idea that causes drastic cheating rings. Students believe that their entire life is predestined to failure if they do not succeed on major tests; therefore, they resort to cheating. This relates to Anderman’s theory that, â€Å"If everything is always high-stakes, you’re going to create an environment conducive to cheating.†It is very tempting for a student with awful grades to cheat because he or she knows that he or she has an opportunity to receive an exemplary score on the SAT. This student would consider the fact that without cheating, he or she would most likely go to a below average college which some students view as unacceptable in this college dominating culture, where everyone links the rest of their life to the college they attend. This is why the vast cheating rings occur, such as the Long Island SAT scandal: to enhance ones chances of going to a better college.Unfortunately, cheating will continue as long as it is the social norm. Dan Airley, a Duke social scientist, explains that students are more likely to cheat if everyone else is cheating as well. He explains, â€Å"There is right and wrong, and there is what people around us tell us is right and wrong. The people around us are often more powerful. † If many students are clearly cheating while taking a test, the chances that other students will cheat too increase greatly.This is demonstrated through the Carnegie Mellon experiment, where actors were hired to portray cheating students to see how the actual students would respond. The variable was that in one room, the actor was wearing University of Pittsburgh apparel. However, in the other room, the actor was wearing Carnegie Mellon apparel. The study resulted in more students cheating in the room with the University of Pittsburgh actor than in the room with the Carnegie Mellon actor. This is due to Airley’s idea that, â€Å"The people around us are often more powerful.  Ã¢â‚¬ The Carnegie Mellon students are apart of a community with the Carnegie Mellon â€Å"student† who cheated; consequently, they viewed it as acceptable to cheat because their fellow classmate was cheating. Yet, the University of Pittsburgh â€Å"student† is an outsider and as a result, the other students do not associate themselves with him; thus, fewer students follow his academic dishonest actions. Airley used an excellent analogy to relate this scenario with speeding on the road. He states, â€Å"There’s a speed limit, but you see people around you driving at a certain speed, and you get used to it pretty quickly.†As Airley explains, it is significantly easier to do something that is obviously immoral when everyone else is participating too. The pressure to succeed in high school in order to attend a prestigious university produces an environment where cheating is somewhat acceptable, enough that eighty-five percent of students have admitted to cheating before. This is a never-ending chain, as cheating becomes tolerable to students once everyone else is participating in this unjust act.The preconceived notion that all that matters in a teenager’s life is the colleges they are accepted to has developed a culture in which being academically dishonest has become the standard. Whether it is creating a texting group to distribute test questions and answers, asking friends for help on a test that they already took, or having someone else take the SAT for you, cheating has become an everyday part of high school life. In American culture, a college acceptance letter is far more important to a student than his or her dignity and honesty, something that must change within our society.

Recommendations to the Wallace Group Essay

Mr. Wallace, I have concluded my interviews with your team and have a list of recommendations based on priorities. The recommendations are unbiased and not intended to be personal attacks on the current management; they are based on the sound management principles and intended to maximize your company’s potential. a. Realign the corporate structure. Begin by recruiting a new board of directors using outside directors, â€Å"executives of other firms but are not employees of the board’s corporation†1, in addition to a limited number of management directors from inside the company. This combination of three companies working as independent entities is not working, they must be integrated and a different management organizational structure must be implemented. This group will be able to accomplish the next recommendation. b. Develop a mission statement and goals. The company must embark upon strategic management planning. This will include: †¢Clearer sense of strategic vision for the firm †¢Sharper focus on what is strategically important Improved understanding of a rapidly changing environment1 The Wallace group lacks vision and goals for its divisions and this leads to a lack of direction for the management team. A mission statement â€Å"defines the fundamental, unique purpose that sets a company apart from other firms of its type and identifies the scope of the company’s operations in terms of products offered and markets served†1. This business must develop a corporate wide strategic management plan to set a direction for the company and its shareholders. A part of this management planning would consist of SWOT analysis, strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation. This process is often referred to as Plan – Do – Act – Check or PDAC and is a continuous process. Making a profit today is not enough; there has to be an evaluation of where the company is now, where will it be in 2, 5, & 10 years and how the company will attain those goals. c. Change the organizational chart: There needs to be an in-depth evaluation of the personnel currently in place. The current chart is one of vertical structure and should be revamped to be more horizontal. This accomplishes the goals of empowerment and coordination between the divisions. A glaring problem is the VP of the chemical division, J. Luskics, as he was the former owner that guided the company into foreclosure and appears to not be running the division efficiently now. The chemical division is not even internally competitive for the plastics or electronics divisions. Mr. Luskics should either be bought out of the company or reassigned to a position that he might be successful. There also is a redundancy among positions in the company, for example there are three directors of industrial relations, these positions should either be combined or incentivized to cooperate in the best interest of the company. d. Personnel development. There is no apparent leadership development in place and the company has relied on promoting technical staff to management positions which many are not equipped to handle. There needs to be a leadership development series initiated, leadership retreats to communicate and encourage relations amongst the teams, and perhaps some Management Assessment of Proficiency (MAP) testing to asses the current management team. Management development and succession planning must be implemented to ensure long term success. Job responsibilities need to be developed and implemented for all positions but specifically for the management team; including specific goals, budgeting, forecasting (long range planning), training, and staff satisfaction. . Communication. The lack of clear strategies, long term plans, goals and objectives has led to the recent revolt at the stockholders meeting. This is a clear indication of the frustration felt from the staff level up and the new direction of the company must be clearly communicated to all staff. Enthusiasm is contagious and the presentation of a new course for the company will be very exciting for staff. Employee surveys, sugges tion boxes and an engaging of the front line staff will do much to improve morale and spark improvements. I would like to commend you sir for creating a successful company but I do believe there are concrete steps that you can take to improve the future of this company. Mr. Wallace I believe the development of a vision will produce great results, with this vision you will attract personnel that want to be a part of a great company and profits for all involved will naturally follow. Remember â€Å"Visionary companies make some of their best moves by experimentation, trial and error, opportunism, and – quite literally – accident†2. I estimate that this plan of action will initially cost $1. 5 million but there will be cost savings realized in personnel reassignments, recruitment and retention, productivity, and a renewed sense of commitment that will be reflected in profits far surpassing the costs.

A219 Exploring the Classical World

A219 Exploring the Classical World Essay PART ONE Look at the Illustrations Book, Plate 16: Athens: Parthenon. South metopeXXXI. Lapith and centaur. 447–439 BCE (1. 3 x 1. 3 m). In no more than 500 words: (i) briefly provide the context of this sculpture (ii) discuss the ways in which its subject matter conveyed a political message to Athenian viewers Metopes were situated on the outside of the Parthenon building they are high reliefs carved into rectangular slabs placed over the columns. There are 92 Metopes on the Parthenon building, which relate to four different myths.The Parthenon itself is a Temple dedicated to the Goddess Athena built on the Acropolis in Athens. Metope XXXI found on the southern side of the Parthenon believed to depict the Centauromachy the mythical battle between Centaurs and Lapiths. The mythical Lapith king invited the Centaurs to his wedding. Where the Centaurs got drunk and tried to abduct the bride as well as the other Lapith women. The Lapiths fo ught off the Centaurs and were victorious. (Art the Parthenon http://www. ancientgreece. com/s/Parthenon/)The Parthenon erected during the 440s- 430s’BCE was the largest of the temples on the Acropolis it was a classic Doric design which incorporated some Ionic architectural features. Even though a very impressive structure it housed the equally impressive Statue of Athena Pathenos made with Ivory and Gold, and had a separate room housing a treasury. It did not hold the most sacred image of Athena, which was a statue made of olivewood, which was within the Athena Polias Temple. This is where the Panathenaic procession ended in the early fifth century.Before the Erecthion was completed in 406 BCE (A219, DVD 2, Section3, Tracks 2-3) The other subjects of the metopes are The Trojan War, Greeks verses Amazons and The Gods verses Giants. An overall theme of order that the Greeks would prevail against non-Greeks (block2 part 2 p79) The Parthenon dominated the Acropolis and seen fro m afar it showed off the power of Athens their military prowess and the dominance of Athens over the rest of the Greek-speaking world and beyond. (Art the Parthenon http://www. ancientgreece. om/s/Parthenon/) The Parthenon was part of Pericles’ building program funded by the treasury of the Delian League, which it housed when it was completed. The political message conveyed by the subject matter of metope XXXI and the Parthenon, as a whole was one of superiority over their barbarous enemies. It portrayed barbarians non Athenians/Greeks as not having any morals, self-restraint or the ability to have reasoned rational thoughts or discussions. (OCC, p111-112) Centaurs and Amazons had become the epitome of barbarian forces who opposed the cultural and political ethos, which was predominant in Athens at that time. OCC, P148-149). The housing of the treasury of the Delian League within the Parthenon cannot be ignored either, It made it into a civic as well as religious building. Th e Delian League formed in 478 BCE against the constant threat of Persian attack. Athens did not control the funds from the formation of the league in 478 BCE they seized the opportunity to do so soon after. (BHAG, p139-140). . Athens then transferred the funds from Delos in approximately 454BCE to Athens. Athens showing its prominence to the world was also a nationalistic exercise, forging a common link among Athenians and other Greek speaking states.Bibliography Art the Parthenon, (2012 January 10) Retrieved January, 10, 2012 http://www. ancientgreece. com/s/Parthenon/) Hornblower, S. and Spawforth, A. (eds) (1998) The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (A219, DVD 2, Section3, Tracks 2-3) Pomeroy, S. B. , Burstein S. M. , Donlan W. and Roberts, J. T. (2004) A Brief History of Ancient Greece: Politics, Society and Culture, Oxford: Oxford University Press Part Two â€Å"The Athenian artistic performances and displays of the fifth century BCE were firstly and foremost a form of propaganda. Do you agree or disagree with this Statement? Answer with references to at least two of the following: the art and architecture of the Acropolis, the Ephitaphios Logos, Persians and Lysistrata Propaganda is a subjective term so for the purposes of this essay I will be using the definition provided by the (OCC, p573. ) Using Persians, Art and architecture of the Acropolis, the Ephitaphios Logos and Aristophanes Lysistrata to explore the different forms propaganda takes and whether it makes a text or piece of architecture more about propaganda than any other purpose it may serve.Before discussing these texts and architecture, it is worth noting that Pericles is closely connected to the first three items under discussion. Although Strategos at the outbreak of the Peloponnesian war he died within approx in the first two and a half years of the outbreak in429 BCE. Pericles a democratic aristocrat born in 495BCE was very successful. He was the (choregos) Chorus leader responsible for the training and paying of the festival chorus for Aeschylus’ Persians in 472BCE; he initiated the building program on the Acropolis in the 440s-430s BCE and gave the first Ephitaphios Logos of the Peloponnesian war.He was elected general (Strategos) for 29 years consecutively uncontested (OCC, p527) although democracy had been around for 50 years Pericles was the one who championed it that as well as Athenian imperialism. His peers held him in high regard. (Bhag, p145) Aeschylus’ Persians financed by Pericles is an excellent example of Integration propaganda it sought to reinforce the nature of the barbarian. Which were un-Athenian, barbarians were uneducated effeminate subject to the rule of one leader, which was anathema to the Athenian sense of superiority of mind, body and tongue.Aeschylus set the play in Persia and detailed lots of the defeat that they have suffered it was a lesson in what happens if one man rather tha n the democratic process should gain power. Persians celebrates the Greek victories over Persia and is â€Å"patting itself on the back† for having such an excellent democratic government rather than a despotic leader like Xerxes who in his hubris ransacked the temples on the Acropolis. In the speech made by Dareios (Persians lines 824-832) it is clear that the play is a moral lesson to all including the Greeks and Athenians against hubris. As well as being very pro Athenian. Block 2, part one) The Parthenon itself was both a civic and religious building its many ornate features evoking pride and citizenship. The temple was much larger than others were and could be seen from afar being high up on the Acropolis. Its large selection of decorations was superbly created the pediment pieces were fully carved all around even though they could not be viewed. On the west pediment, the dispute between Athena and Poseidon was represented competing with their chariots for the city of At hens this faced the Propylaea and could be seen from the rest of the city.The eastern pediment bore the tale of Athena’s birth from the head of Zeus. The inclusion of a second elaborate frieze, around the inside wall, that was usually viewed from afar between the outer columns. Was not a usual feature of Doric temples. The frieze believed by some scholars to evoke the Panathenaic festival is an extravagant addition to the temple. The festival is an annual event in honour of Goddess Athena’s Birthday.On the frieze itself people are depicted as well as Gods women and horseman and possibly slaves giving rise to the possibility that Athens was a society that included everybody.. This is the first instance of people being represented on a temple decoration. This could be argued that it is defiantly more about civic pride than piety. The building program, which Pericles instigated also, included the Erecthion, the Propylaea and the Temple of Athena Nike (victory) they were t o show that Athens had recovered from the Persian attack on the Acropolis in 480 BCE.The whole program was funded by money from the Delian league (Block 2, Part 2) In The Ephitaphios Logos, a version of Pericles speech by Thucydides at the end of the first year of the Peloponnesian war, he presents a very nationalistic view of Athens and of the Athenians themselves he starts out by praising the ancestors for handing down the country free and makes it clear that they did this with valour. When he states in (Reading’s book â€Å"2. 37) that, their constitution does not copy others but that others are more likely to copy it.He is saying we are the best. The speech goes on to expound the virtues of Athenian democracy and way of life and in doing so he manages to contrast it with that of life and rule in the undemocratic Greek states and non Greek lands. He seeks to instil national pride and remind the citizens of their civic duties to the state as well to fellow Athenians. As wh en a country is at war, patriotism is very important and how better to remind them of their greatness and accomplishments.It was propaganda to reinforce Athenian pride in their state and to demonize the enemy by contrasting it yet again against the mighty and great Athens. (Block 2, Part 3) , Aritophanes’Lysistrata written and performed in the twentieth year of the Peloponnesian War 411BCE was written at a time when the war was not going well for Athens they had suffered heavy losses. Things were not going to get any better for them. Political satirist Aristophanes takes the universal and â€Å"turns it upon its head†. He uses a world where mere women can outwit the men.To end a war that everybody was sick of apart from the government who had the funds to keep it going. Using all the satirist tricks of comedy, farce, parody, and a comic fool he manages to convey that the war has gone on long enough and even offers solutions with the analogy of women’s work (Lysi strata 575-587). Combining this with a good mix of the bawdy, song and dance he connects with his audience who know what the political position is at the time. In direct contrast to the above pro Athenian propaganda of Pericles’ achievements, Aristophanes Lysistrata is anti-war/Athenian propaganda. Block 2, Part Four) In conclusion, I find it hard it difficult to agree or disagree that any of the propaganda presented was the primary function of either the plays or architecture of the Acropolis. The Parthenon could very well have as much about piety as it was propaganda and the plays also had other functions Persians as a warning to all about the consequences of impiety and Lysistrata as a comedy that took the circumstances at the time so as to connect with the audience.Bibliography Hornblower, S. and Spawforth, A. (eds) (1998) The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pomeroy, S. B. , Burstein S. M. , Donlan W. and Roberts, J. T. (2004) A Brief History of Ancient Greece: Politics, Society and Culture, Oxford: Oxford University Press Budelmann F, Hardwick L, Robson S, (2006) A219 Block 2: ‘Classical Athens’, Milton Keynes: The Open University A219 Readings Book 1, (2006) Milton Keynes: The Open University

Male vs female

Nowadays, management of an organization involving the male and female executives. So, gender is an issue that is often associated with managerial effectiveness in the organization setting. Therefore, to ensure the effectiveness of organization settings the male and female manager should know the role to be play. Moreover to be competent in the organization setting both of the male and female should have the characteristic that need in organization settings.Where both of the male and female should play the role as the monitor that they should consistently to survey the environment inside and outside the organization might be limited to information that is useful for organization setting. In playing the role of the speaker, they should give the important information to the organization. As the speaker ,they should act as the representative of the organization in giving information to the external people of the organization. Based on these roles, we can determine the performance of the both gender male and female in the organization setting.Furthermore, competency perspective limitation also can be seen through both of them implies a universal approach. Where they should not be bias or focus only on certain individual in the organization setting. Alternative combination of competency might be work Just as well as the way to measure the competency of the male and female in organization setting. In addition, assume their leadership is within the person. But, sometimes leadership is also relation with the followers . Not forgetting, competency refer to leadership performances.This should be bear on in mind for the both of them in the organization setting. According to the perspective that centered by gender, an individual will attribute with the different way. Based on their gender the previous research by Bet and Fitzgerald 1987,Henning and Jarring,1997,Olden 1985 said that female have the feminine leadership behavior which are trust and caring. Moreover, Eagle, Man ikin, Slinky 1992 also said where the male manager will use the masculine leadership that interested to authority the people under them.The difference of the gender can give the influence to how male and female attributes and their leadership style. Therefore, possible gender differences may also influence the roles played by male and female managers in the organization. Aback et al (1994) ported that female always easily to improve level in organization compared to the male manager. This is based due to the female is working more professional than male in playing their role as the manager and less involving emotional and intuition.Moreover the difference in working style for both male and female can be seen when female are more to the transformational leadership and the male are more to the transactional leadership. From the perspective of the role comparison male and female, there are no significant difference in all the role between male and female but as the role of inspired inn ovation. This is because male and female understand clearly their own role should be played by each of them in the organization setting. Male are more positive in attitude towards female in their interaction or communication.Male attitude is not influence by the number of how many times they had communication but the quality of the communication and interaction. In addition, there will be more explanation about the attitude that influence the performance of the male and female in organization setting in this research. The factor of this issues that who are more competent in the organization setting also ad been discuss in this research. Then, all the question that who are more competent? Who are better performance can be answered with the evidence to strength the point given. 2. CHARACTERISTICS AND ATTITUDES OF EMPLOYEES IN AN ORGANIZATION Employing either a man or woman should have a good character and attitude and excellent for improving productivity of an organization. Excellent worker hopes to enhance the quality of the work. Employees who have excellent not only skilled and expert in employment but also a noble character. Characteristics good employees and excellent as follows: 1) Confidently In committing some employment, confidence in the Job aspect is very important to ensure a consistent quality and high quality of employment.The confidently attitude can also convince others of the quality of work we do. If one is a manufacturer of a product, confident attitude is needed to convince other men, on the benefits of the products we produce and sell. Without a sense of confidence, an entrepreneur will not be able to build a good effort. Because if there is not a confident attitude in an employee, this will cause them to quickly feel hopeless and give up. 2) Smart in communication Communication is needed in making a decision.Leading organizations prefer to hire someone who has the skill and ability in communicating in a good and wise either by writing or sp eaking. Communication of inaccurate or inappropriate can cause many problems in a company. 3) Motivated A good employee never hesitates to take responsibility or a higher position. He is also willing to work outside working hours to meet the goal or to solve a problem, though working in the discussion is not one of constant work that is usually given. Therefore, highly motivated employee who is required to advance or the success of an organization. ) Able to work in teams A develop of organization must consist of employees that have can work as a team. Many companies consist of a team. Any company that effectively requires a team effort. Employers can contribute an ideal employee. 5) Ethical Work rules are made to be followed. There is a secret place of work should be kept. A good employee by company policy and inspire others to do the same. Attitudes of an employee in an organization as follows: 1) Honesty Honest work is painstaking work. It can produce something good with a sincer e heart. Besides that, a good employee is honest about his work.Self-criticism and be willing to accept feedback is important to be a good study. For example, a farm worker who works with wages from hand to mouth, but still work well to perform sincerely and sheer devotion to his Job is to make money for the needs of the family. 2) Genius or smart The employee an excellent and wise in use of the time and resources around him. It always uses the time of his life with the best and always improves himself either in attitudes, knowledge and skills or Job performance. Employees can make the right session in making a decision.This increases the productivity of an organization. 3) Active and Energetic Employees who have excellent have an excellent practice in safeguarding the physical health, mind and emotions. In charge of not only the physical health care nutritional quality but it is also always do exercise and get enough rest or sleep. Discretion in managing themselves and the tendency to do Just that beneficial activity makes him more disciplined, healthy, active and productive. 4) Hard work Hard work is the work we must have the nature of work or workaholic able to achieve he targets to be achieved.They can take advantage of the optimum time so sometimes it does not care about time, distance and the difficulties encountered. In their work vigorously and strive hard to achieve good results and maximum. The employee who wants to excel at work need to work hard. The entrepreneur also needs to work hard to promote products released. 5) Discipline and keep time Every boss likes to keep workers past, disciplined and meticulous. Period is money. Coming through to the officials, who did not need to take breaks, and leaving officials dilly earlier than usual adverse reputable.Competition teen males and females also occur frequently in the transaction forevermore an organization. Each party between male and female compete each other to prove that they are ahead in all as pects and have a level of competence that culminated in managing things. However, the issues of competent between men and women are note easily formulated and determine without evidence and legal studies and strong on performance between boys and girls. Evaluation to prove this issue is based on videoconferencing from a reliable source so that it does not rise to a bias in determining the contents of a decision.The female cannot say that they are more efficient in managing things, and so did the men. Generally,male and female each have their own expertise in managing any work. These are not denied when the success of in an organization is the result of hard work of male and female who are as the backbone to movement and development of an organization. Without the involvement of both the survival of an organization disable continue the operation. Labor between male and female is desirable and arguably the skills of both parties to be needed to complete the task and they are complemen tary to each other.Nowadays, household now has arisen a number of male and female shows more competence in performing tasks in an Organizational. In today large organization, as a women climb up the corporate leader, getting worse crisis. While the statistics vary slightly around the world this is consistent trend. At the lowest more than half of the worker in organization is female. At the higher level in organization, the number of woman small. At the CEO Level, worldwide there are only 3% to 4% who are women. The table below showed the statistic.This phenomenon is quite surprising because when he studied information broadly ascribes the overall success of the women have when placed in a position of leadership success is very high. It raises the question of when the analysis of the success they have in the range of functionality that is dominated by men. The study about this issue making for more than a decade at 2011 and 2012 for the overall effectiveness. Overall Effectiveness i n Leadership a) Different by Age To better understanding the differences between male and female it is instructive to look at overall effectiveness by age.For female as leader appears to change over time. As female and male begin their career there is very little perceived different. Men soon are perceived in an increasingly positive way and more effective than women. As women mature they are perceived in an increasingly positive way and more effecting than their male counterparts. At the age of 25 the efficient of male and female are no difference, starting from 26 and above until 40 years old the effective level of male increase and starting to slow after 40.But for woman, the effective level is starting to increase from the age 40 and above. B) Different by level for overall leadership effectiveness by gender by position The sue about male and female who are really competent these days in organization settings have been answered and have results on the competent between both of t hem. According to Jack Zinger and Joseph Folkway (2012) article by Harvard business review based on the research stated that between male and female, advance more women than men on the competency of the organization as a whole.Survey for 360 evaluations is the Judgment of a leader's peers, bosses and direct report with asking these individuals to rate each leader's effectiveness overall and judge based on the 16 competencies overall. N fact at every level, more women were rated by their peers, their bosses, their direct reports, and their other associates as better overall leaders than their male counterparts and the higher the level, the wider that gap grow.The table below shown the overall level of competent between male and female by the gentlefolk (2011) c) Different by top competencies top leader between male and female Based on the Zinger Folkway (2011) state that as specifically, at all levels women rated are higher in full 12 of the 16 competencies that go into outstanding l eadership. The level of impotency between male and female are different in a small scale incremental for female compared to male. From the 16 competency there are two which is; take initiative and drives for result are scored the female tend to highest degree.The competent of male in the development strategy perspective are outscores female. The table below showed the 16 competency between male and female. The sources that getting from the gentlefolk (2011). Based on the table above clearly describe the difference between male and female on the level f competencies. From the 16 competencies, 14 of them are preceding by female. It confirms that women actually scored higher than male On 12 of the 16 competencies. Male scored higher in two competencies which is technical or professional expertise and development perspective. Each reader will have a several theory why this happens.The explanation about this outcome is many women live with that necessitates them getting things done in or der to survive. In Job settings, women feel that she need to work harder that male to prove them. Some expression from female in performing his work is â€Å"we feel that constant pressure to never make mistake and to continually rove our value in organization†. That is because, at least woman don't feel their performance are safe. They're afraid to rest on their laurels and feel satisfied. Besides that, they're feeling need to take initiative they are more highly motivate to take feedback to heart.Basically, those are fundamental behaviors that derive the success of every leader whether male or female. Female and Nurturing competencies The chart above demonstrate that these competencies. Those competencies highlight that women were seen more effective in getting thing done, being role models and delivering result. The skills describe leaders who take on difficult challenges, ensure that people act with integrity and who simply achieve challenge result. According to the dilem ma on June 2014 published the one article about â€Å"women in top Job are viewed as ‘better leader' than man†.Based on the new study, women in executive positions are perceived as better leaders than men. Basically, woman in business are too sensitive or not as competent can stop them from advancing through the so- called ‘slackening. But once women has breach the barrier, these qualities actually work in her favor according to a Duke University researcher. The research published in the Journal of applied psychology, found top women executives were credited with responsibility for their success. They were viewed as both more competent and more relationship-oriented than men.Because of these, it can lead them to be perceived as more effective leaders than their male counterparts. Lead researcher, Professor Lehigh Rosette said, ‘in business environment, even if women are through to be competent they are frequently through to be not nice. But on the higher run gs of the corporate ladder, competence and niceness may have a certain level of compatibility or woman top leaders. The second study also rated female as more relationship- oriented because they expected top women to involving in a more traditionally feminizes' type of leadership, an employee focused leadership style that is increasingly viewed effective.Professor Rosette (2014) said, ‘let's face it, women are often viewed as having to work twice as hard to get half as far and successful women executives may benefit from the perception, leading to a female leader advantage. Usually we always hear the business mantra â€Å"think leader, think male† this may Egan to fade as employees and other stakeholders more begin to value those leadership skills that focus on relationship and not Just traditional leader nature that are more in line with masculinity.Results of the study, the researchers pointed out and warned that women leaders should be aware that their behavior will be different at different levels within the company due to the success of women will change the impression when they move on the corporate ladder. What cause the difference between male and female? Why female are more perceives more effective, what are we frequently heard was, â€Å"in order to get the same recognition and rewards, I need to De twice as much, never make a mistake and constantly demonstrated my competence†. The short version of what we regularly heard from woman was that â€Å"we must perform twice as well to be through half as good). The result from â€Å"practicing Self Development†, the competency measure the extent to which people ask for feedback and make changes based on the feedback. We know most people begin their career perceived more motivated to ask for feedback and take action to improve. In the analysis age for male and female. Female at age 40 maintain the habit of asking for feedback and taking action to improve. The effectiveness of men on this competency continuous to decline as they age.Male assume that they are doing fine and don't really need much feedback. 4. 0 THE ISSUES OF GENDER AND THEIR PERFORMANCE BASED ON THE CURRENT ISSUE â€Å"Women are equally important role in the company†. That has being said this recently in an article released by the Tutu's Malaysia newspaper dated November 21 , 2013. Article also discusses about the problem of gender differences in the marketability of an organization, whether private sector or public sector. According to the article, It affirms the role of women in the public and private sectors should be noted comparable male servants in order to improve an organization from all angles.Minister of Women, Family and Community Development Dates Romania Abdul Karri said the matter as women nowadays qualified great responsibility on par with the skills and experience of male employees. She added, the government is also implementing efforts to promote government-linked comp anies to appoint at least 30 per cent of female employees in the highest position and promote at least one woman on the board until 2016. Government also provides incentives to encourage provide more opportunities for staff women to advance, including tax breaks for companies as well as the provision of training and consultation. Public and private sectors are also required to eliminate gender disparities in terms of experience, competence, nations and cultures to eliminate any form of discrimination,† he said when opening the Forum of Women in Rural normal 2013, here today. Add Spiritual ministry also held a Director of women's programs that provide guidance on training curriculum including technical and soft skills to enhance the ability of women to come leaders of caliber. This year, he said, a total of 645 women attended the program, while the total 790 women signed up for the course. At the same time, 83 women have been appointed directors of public companies during the y ear,† he said. In the meantime, she urged local employers do not catch quota determined by the government to achieve the target percentage of women appointed to the board of directors. Instead, he said the appointment should be given priority to quality and competent staff who are able to assume responsibility. â€Å"Quota provided the only dude, but more importantly how far a company which entitles them to higher office,† he said.Based on the article in Tutu's Malaysia newspapers, it is clear that women should take participant in the organization sector whether public or private sector. â€Å"The competency of woman implement the Job is the main criteria†. That's the title of an article released by Tutu's Malaysia newspapers dated 24 February 2010. Article discusses the influx of female employees in the public sector, particularly high-level positions. Eightieths Gung Congress Sustain Peckers-Peckers Dalai Participated Am (Spaces), Mad Shah Mood.Zinc yesterday e xpressed concern over the dominance of women in the public service is growing. Current trends show more women appointed to the post and decide which will have long-term implications for the development and growth of the country. The condition is due to the capabilities of the woman to pass the merit system for office than men. † The situation is to some extent cause an imbalance to the number of civil servants. And has raised fears him thus he suggested that something should be done to avoid any serious difference ratio between men and women in the future.Influx of female employees in the public sector, particularly for professional positions is due to their academic achievement. Thus, women are not to blame for the amount because they are also the most dominate placement in an institution of higher learning in the country than men, As a result of the lack of male staff in the public sector cause of personnel forced women do work outside the office, and it now appears differen t when women are able to perform a variety of tasks that were once dominated by men only. Based on the source of the author at his work place is also filled with women and our administrative duties.Based on the above article it is clear that women now dominate the public sector and also the position of the highest office previously is dominated by men. This occurs is due to increasing the performance of women as being more efficient when performing tasks. According to figures available, the average employee thinks the increase of women in the public sector is not alarming contrast to their efficiency and capacity to undertake the task is the key criteria that must be well on an employee regardless of male or female.What priority is given to he work of an employee should be able to perform the duties of other quality perfectly. This is because men and women, each has advantages and disadvantages and it is a matter that can't be disputed Development and economic growth over the past f our decades have also witnessed rapid progress not only contributed by the employment of men, but also involves the role and contribution of women. On-going efforts to create gender equality (gender) saw demand for female labor force shows significant improvement (Tutu's Namely Online, 2004). For example, the success of Tan Sir Dry.Katharine Aziza was appointed as the first female Governor of Bank Engage Malaysia (BAN) to prove the belief that women are capable of performing the essential duties if they are given the opportunity to do this. Besides that, there are many more women who are successful in their career such as Tune Dry. Sadomasochist. All, Dates Sere Raffish Aziza, Denationalization Small, Dates Dry. Amazon Ottoman,Dates Dry. Northeastward and Attachment Humid. This in turn saw the women were able to compete with the men, and to contribute to the development and progress of the country.As a whole, female are developing equally read with male. Women more mature and aware of all the turmoil within and outside the country since forever women are aware that their role will still be needed for advancement. Finally, the women are Just like men that have professionals in carrying out their duties, especially in the field of management, and other organizations. In addition, many women who have made their mark in the world. Currently many women have succeeded in exploring areas that have been dominated by men.Women were actively match the performance of the men and also worked as a good decision maker in the administration of the country or company. Therefore, the greatness of women do not doubt that the success that has been created. The increase of 14. 8 percent of women working in the professional field to prove that women are able to move forward in line with the men (Tutu's Borneo Online, 2013). It is clear that women are also capable of engaging in a professional line with men. The performance also proved that women also play an important role and con tribute to the development and progress of the country today.Other than that, the Tutu's Borneo also wrote that the statistical achievements of women in Malaysia is very insistent and good and covers a variety of fields, in education, the number of women is more than male students in session 2013/2014 amounting to 68. 02 percent from 41. 573 candidates. In addition, the success of women nowadays it's because women have a higher education than men and they also have the opportunity and independent to gain knowledge (ester's Actuate Eightieths Politic Actuate Minter Narrations Abraham).Conclusions, in this modern are not surprising that women are also can involve in the field more challenging. For example, fields of politics, engineering, mechanical, and other many field ventured by male. So, caused women eave a higher education resulted in an organization are more likely to choose a female employee over the male employee. Besides that, women are also having a good attitude and charac teristic of employee between men such as discipline and keep time, hard work, ethical, and others. 5. CONCLUSION There is an issue that who are more competent in the organization setting between the male and female. Therefore this issue had been discussing by given the factors and characteristic that contributes to the issue. Employing either a man or woman should have a good character and attitude and excellent for improving productivity of n organization. Excellent worker hopes to enhance the quality of the work. Employees who have excellent not only skilled and expert in employment but also a noble character. Where the characteristic is important and needed in the organization setting.These days the issues between men and women who are really competent in the organizational settings have raises various perspective and responses among them. The competent in the organization has created a lot of perception among the public either male or female. From the research and the previous r esearch also based on the statistic or any other provided evidence, we can include that female is more competent than male in organization setting. This is based on the factor influence in the aspect of attitude and the other factors such as communication, and their performance in organization setting.Besides that, women are also having a good attitude and characteristic of employee between men such as discipline and keep time, hard work, ethical, and others. Female are more active in playing their role in the organization setting compare to the male. This happen maybe because of female give more commitment in playing their role in their organization setting. This can be seen from the aspect of their passionate in encouraging others, sharing authority and information and also more interested in managing by using skills between interpersonal relationships.This including the role likes mentor, facilitator, inspired, innovation, monitor and coordinator. Moreover, female always try to p ut in others the feeling they are also the part of the organization starting from the performance decision making and to the strategies making. Thus, clearly that proven female is more interesting and hardworking in play their role to ensure the effectiveness of the organization setting. In addition male should be more hardworking and more focus in understand and play the role in organization. Furthermore, this issue can help to inspired male to increase their performance in organization setting.